Histone phosphorylation plays a direct role in mitosis, cell death, DNA damage repair, DNA replication and DNA recombination. For example, phosphorylation of the N-terminus of histone H3 may promote chromatin condensation during mitosis. Histone phosphorylation mostly occurs on serine (S) and threonine (T) residues, but also occurs on tyrosine (Y) residues. Histone phosphorylation and histone dephosphorylation are in dynamic equilibrium, regulated by protein kinases (PKs) and protein phosphatases (PPs).
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