Transcription is the biological process of transferring genetic information from one of the two DNA strands onto the RNA. The DNA strand serves as the template, so that the base sequences of the DNA strand and the RNA are complementary. Transcription is catalyzed in the nucleus by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. In the form of messenger-RNA, the genetic information is exported out of the nucleus to serve as a template for protein biosynthesis.
Translation takes place at the ribosomes, where the genetic information, stored in the nucleotide sequence of the messenger-RNA, is translated into the amino acid sequence of a protein that`s to be synthesized. The mRNA is complementary to a strand of a particular DNA sequence in the nucleus. The amino acids are attached to tRNA base tripletts, which are complementary to the mRNA, and are transported to the ribosomes, where they attach to each other according to the sequence coded in the mRNA.
